Losurdo Definitions M - P

Machine Composition

M

Machine Composition - General term for the mechanical casting of metal type

Majuscules

Majuscules - A term in calligraphy for letterforms analogous to uppercase letterforms, usually drawn between tow parallel lines, the capline and the baseline.










Makeup - The assembly of typographic matter into a page, or a sequence of pages, ready for printing.

Margin

Margin - The unprinted space surrounding type matter on a page.








Markup - The marketing of typesetting specifications upon a manuscript copy.

Marquee

Marquee - A rectangular area, often surrounded by blinking dashed or dotted lines, used to select objects or regions in a application program.

Master Page

Master Page - In a page-layout program, a master page is a template providing standard columns, margins and typographic elements that appear on a publication's individual pages.

Masthead

Masthead - The visual identification of a magazine or newspaper, usually a logotype. Alos a section placed near the fron of a newspaper or periodical containing information such as names and titles of publishers and staff, along with addresses.  

Matrix

Matrix - In typesetting, the master image from which type is produced. The matrix is a brass mold in linecasting and a glass plate bearing the font negative in phototypesetting.

Meanline

Meanline - An imaginary line marking the tops of lowercase letters, not including ascenders.

Mechanical

Mechanical - A camera-ready pasteup of artwork including type, images showing position of color and halftone matter, line art, ect..., all on one piece of artboard.









Megabyte (MB) - A unit of measurement equal to 1024 kilobytes or 1,048,576 bytes.

Megahertz (MHz) - A million cycles per second. Describes the speed of computer chips; used to measure how rapidly a computer processes information.

Menu 

Menu - A list of choices in a computer application, from which the user selects a desired action.

Menu Bar

Menu Bar - A horizontal bar across the top or bottom of a computer screen that contains menu titles.

Message Box

Message Box - A box that appears on a computer screen to give the user information.







Microprocessor - A single silicon chip containing thousands of electronic components for processing information; the "brains" of a personal computer.

Minuscules

Minuscules -  A term in calligraphy for letterforms analogous to lowercase letters and usually drawn between four parallel lines determining ascender height, x-height, baseline and descender depth.



Minus Spacing - A reduction of interline spacing, resulting in a baseline-to-baseline measurement that is smaller than the point size of the type.


Mixing - The alignment of more than one type style or typeface on a single baseline.

Modem - Contraction of modulator/demodulator; a peripheral device to send data over telephone lines from a computer to other computers, service bureaus, and information services, ect.

Modern - Term used to describe typefaces designed at the end of the eighteenth century. Characteristics include vertical stress, hairline serifs, and pronounced contrasts between thick and thin strokes.

Monocase alaphabet

Monocase alphabet - A language alphabet, such as Hebrew 
and Indic scripts, having only capital-height letters and no lowercase letterforms.

Monochrome - Refers to material or a display consisting of a single color, typically black or white.

Monogram

Monogram - Two or more letterforms interwoven, combined, or connected into a single glyph, typically used as abbreviations or initials

monoline

Monoline - Used to describe a typeface or letterform with a uniform stroke thickness.

Monospacing

Monospacing - Spacing in a font with characters that all have the same set width or horizontal measure; often found in typewriter and screen fonts. See Proportional spacing. 

Monotype

Monotype - A trade name for a keyboard-operated typesetting machine that casts individual letters from matrices.

Mouse - The thing that you click with.


 Multifinder - tabs.

Negative

N

Navigation - Moving the mouse on screen. 

Negative - The reversal of a positive photographic image.

Network - A system connecting multiple computers so they can share printers and information, ect.

O

Objected-oriented - A method in drawing and other computer programs that produces graphics from arc and line segments that are mathematically defined by points located on the horizontal and vertical aes on the screen. 

Oblique 

Oblique - A slanted roman characters. Unlike many italics, oblique characters do not have cursive design properties.

Old Style - Typeface styles derived from the fifteenth- to eighteenth- century designs, and characterized by moderate thick -and-thin contrasts, bracketed serifs, and a handwriting influence. 

Old Style Figures - Numerals that exhibit a variation in size, including characters aligning with the lowercase x-height, and others with ascenders or descenders: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10.

Operating System

Operating System - What commands all the programs to work' Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Google Chrome OS, Linux, ect. 

Optical Adjustment - The precise visual alignment and spacing of typographic elements. In interletter spacing, the adjustment of individual characters to achieve consistent spacing. 

Orphan - A single word on a line, left over at the end of a paragraph, sometimes appearing at the top of a column of. See window. 

Outline Font

Outline font - A font designed, not as a bitmap, but as outlines of the letter shapes that can be scaled to any size. Laser printers and imagesetters use outline fonts. See Bitmapped font, Screen font. 


Outline Type - Letterforms described by a contour line that encloses the entire character on all sides. The interior usually remains open.

Output - The product of a computer operation, In computerized typesetting, output is reproduction proofs of composition.

P

Page Preview - A mode in many programs that shows a full-page view of what the page will look like when printed, including added elements such as headers, footers, and margins. 

Pagination - The sequential numbering of pages. 

Pantone Matching System (PMS)

Paint program - A program that creates images as a series of bitmapped dots. which can be reased and manipulated by turning the pixels on and off. Compare Draw Program. 

Pantone Matching System (PMS) - The trademarked name of a system for specifying colors and inks that is a standard in the printing industry. 

Paragraph Mark - Typographic elements that signal the beginning of a paragraph. ¶

Parallel Construction - In typography, the use of similar typographic elements or arrangements to create a visual unity or to convey a relationship in content. 

Paste - To place a copy of saved material into a computer generated document or layout. 

P.E. - Abbreviation for "Printer's Error," used to flag a mistake made by the compositor rather than by the author. 

Pen Plotter

Pen Plotter - A printer that draws using ink-filled pens that are moved along a bar, which also moves back and forth.

Peripheral - An electronic device that connects to a computer, such as a disk drive, scanner or printer.

Photocomposition - The process of setting type by projecting type on film or paper by photographic means. 

Photodisplay typesetting - The process of setting type by projecting light onto light-sensitive film or paper. 

Phototype - Type matter set on film or paper by photographic projection of type characters.

Photounit - Output component of a photocomposition system,which sets the type and exposes it to light-sensitive film orpaper.


Pica - Typographic unit of measurement: 12 points equal 1 pica.6 picas equal approximately one inch. Line lengths and columnwidths are measured in picas.

PICT - A computer format for encoding pictures. PICT data canbe created, displayed on the screen, and printed, thus enablingapplications without graphics-processing routines to incorporatePICT data generated by other software.

Pixel - Stands for picture element; the smallest dot that can be displayed on a screen.

Point - A measure of size used principally in typesetting. One point is equal to 1/12 of a pica, or approximately 1/72 of an inch. It is most often used to indicate the size of type or amount of leading added between lines.

Pointer - A graphic form that moves on a computer screen and is controlled by a pointing device; usually a symbolic icon such as an arrow, I-beam, or clock.

Pointing device - A computer input device, such as a mouse, tablet, or joystick, used to indicate where an on-screen pointer or tool should be placed or moved.

Port

Port - An electrical socket where cables are inserted to connect computers, peripheral devices, or networks. Ports are named for the type of signal they carry, such as printer port, serial port, or SCSI port.

PostScript.™ - A page-description programming language created by Adobe Systems that handles text and graphics, placing them on the page with mathematical precision.

Preview - To view the final output on a computer screen before printing. Because most screens have lower resolution than an imagesetter or laser printer, fine details are often different from the final output.

Processor - In a computer system, the general term for any device capable of carrying out operations upon data. In phototypography, the unit that automatically develops the light-sensitive paper or film.

Program - A sequence of instructions that directs the operations of a computer to execute a given task.

Proof - Traditionally, an impression from metal type for examination and correction; now applies to initial output for examination and correction before final output.

Proportional spacing - Spacing in a font adjusted to give wide letters (M) a larger set width than narrow letters (I)